Solar energy is obtained from sunlight. We use different technologies to turn it into electricity or heat. It is endless and vital for reducing the use of old fuels.
What is solar energy?
Scientific Definition
Solar energy is generated from the light and heat produced by the sun’s nuclear reactions. It comes out as electromagnetic radiation, like visible light and UV. Solar panels use this same light to generate electricity using photovoltaic methods. The scientific world calls solar energy renewable energy, both sustainable and endless—understanding how solar energy works is crucial to being seen as a good, clean energy choice.
How solar energy work to generate electricity?
The Photovoltaic Effect
Solar panels use the photovoltaic (PV) method to convert sunlight into electricity. When sunlight hits the panel, photons free electrons from the semiconductor material, creating an electric current. This current, usually DC, passes through an inverter and is converted to electricity for domestic or grid use.
The transformation process
There are a few easy steps involved in turning sunlight into electricity. First, solar panels catch sunlight and turn it into direct current (DC) electricity. The inverter transforms this DC electricity into AC so homes and businesses can use it.
In short, solar energy uses sunlight through solar panels, which is converted into electricity through photovoltaics. It is then converted into usable energy, making solar energy a better and more environmentally friendly source.
Solar Energy’s Future
Solar energy has a bright future with declining costs and new technologies like perovskite tandem cells and AI-based smart grids continuing to increase efficiency. It is estimated that by 2050, it will provide more than 30% of the world’s electricity, especially in areas with around 300 days of sunshine a year.
Due to strong government policies and public interest, solar energy is set to become a mainstay of affordable, clean, and self-sufficient energy in the coming years. I have seen many homes and businesses install solar systems, reducing their electricity bills and adopting an environmentally friendly approach.
FAQs
Solar energy was discovered in the 19th century by French scientist Edmond Becquerel. He observed the photovoltaic effect in 1839. This discovery proved to be a breakthrough towards solar cells. Charles Fritts used selenium to create the first solar cell in 1883. This was a key moment in making solar energy practical. The early 20th century saw more progress. Solar cells became more efficient. The first commercial solar panels were made.
Solar panels need sunlight to work. But new tech lets us store energy for night use. This means that electricity can remain available even in the dark.
Yes, we can store solar energy in batteries. Powerwall of Tesla is one example. It saves energy made during the day for later use.
Globally, solar panels are manufactured. Countries like China, the US, and those in Europe also play an essential role in this field. China is the largest producer, making up a large part of the global solar panel market. However, the US also has a big solar manufacturing industry, with many states having production facilities.
The quality of the panel, the installation company, and your location all affect how much solar panels cost in the US. It usually costs between $2.50 and $3.50 per watt. The total cost for a typical home can be around $15,000 to $30,000 before savings.
By 2025, the cost of a home solar panel system (5 to 6 kW) worldwide is typically between US$10,000 and US$20,000. The price per watt ranges from 0.08 to 0.12 euros in Europe, 0.20 to 0.40 dollars in the US, 40 to 60 in India, and 27 to 40 in Pakistan, depending on the brand and quality. Due to net metering and cheap electricity costs, a 5 kW system in Pakistan can be installed for between Rs. 700,000 and Rs. 950,000 and pay for itself in three to five years.
Several variables determine a home’s solar panel needs. These include how much energy the home uses, the size of the roof, and how efficient the panels are. A typical home might need between 20 and 25 panels to meet its energy needs, assuming average energy use and standard panel efficiency.
Whether solar panels are beneficial or not depends on a few factors. These include local electricity rates, available incentives, and how you plan to finance them. A return on investment analysis can help homeowners decide if solar panels are financially savvy. Many find that solar panels cut their electricity bills and offer a long-term investment return.
Posted by Abu Talha
With a background in science at the A-level, Abu Talha has studied subjects including physics, chemistry, mathematics, and biology. Along with his more than 1.5 years of experience in digital marketing, he is passionate about writing about electric vehicles, sustainable energy, and how emerging technologies are influencing the future.
